Diagnosis Mesothelioma - Tips On Diagnosis Mesothelioma And safety At Workplace
Prognosis defers significantly among people that have been disgnosed with mesothelioma and this depends on a number of factors. These causes have a significant impact on the speed of recovery; the size of the cancer, what part of the body it is found, and how far it has spread. And also, how the cancer cells looks under the microscope, and their respond to treatment as well as the age of the patients has direct bearings on recovery time.
There are legal issues involved with a diagnosis of mesothelioma. There are several lawsuits against companies whose employees were exposed to asbestos. These are definitely matters to be researched if you are among the individuals who qualify involvement in a lawsuit. If you are uncertain whether you qualify, you can simply fill out an online form and an attorney will be happy to talk with you. It is not necessary but there are good reasons to acquire an attorney who is knowledgeable in mesothelioma litigation.
There are speciality lawyers and law firms for mesothelioma cases. Most of these specialized attorneys have an impressive settlement record and successes in obtaining verdicts in the courtroom as opposed to settlements out of court. As in most cases, there is money to be dispersed though the monetary value of the settlements are not as important as the impact lawsuits like these will eventually make in the safety issues surrounding workplaces where potentially harmful chemicals can be inhaled or absorbed into peoples bodies.
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Pius is the owner of waystoquitsmokingeasy.com. We specialize in offering high quality ways to quit smoking, acne treatment, women health, weight loss, nutrition, mental health, and how to make mesothelioma claim informations. visit us for more.
What are the Types of Mesothelioma
This is the most common form of Mesothelioma and directly affects the protective lining (pleura) and cavity of the lungs. Mesothelioma occurs here when there is a build up of fluid between the lung lining and the chest cavity. Symptoms of Pleural Mesothelioma can include:
• Difficulty breathing
• Difficulty swallowing
• Shortness of breath
• Persistent coughing
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Hoarseness or a raspy voice
• Coughing up blood
Peritoneal Mesothelioma
This is a more rare form of Mesothelioma affecting the stomach and abdominal area. Although the cancer can spread from the abdomen to other parts of the body, the initial tumors that press against the abdomen can cause any of the following symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Abdominal swelling
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Breathing problems
• Chest pain
• Bowel obstruction
• Fever
• Blood clotting abnormalities
Pericardial Mesothelioma
Pericardial Mesothelioma is the rarest of the mesothelioma cancers. This cancer affects the heart and the area surrounding it known as the pericardium. Symptoms of Pericardial Mesothelioma can include:
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Trouble breathing
• Persistent cough
• Heart palpitations
If you look through the list of symptoms for all three of these types of mesothelioma, you will see that it can be difficult to determine which type you may have. These are known as non-specific symptoms. In fact, many of these same problems, such as shortness of breath and chest pain, are also symptoms of pneumonia. That is why it is vital that you inform your physician of any possible asbestos exposure during any visit for the above symptoms.
Early detection is always beneficial but it can take decades for any of these symptoms to appear. Smokers who have been exposed to high levels of asbestos greatly increase their risk of the disease being fatal.
About the Author
If you or a loved one has been exposed to high levels of asbestos, you could still be at risk. Please contact the Baltimore Mesothelioma Lawyers at Parker, Dumler & Kiely, LLP to determine your next step.
The History of Asbestos and Related Health Issues
Asbestos History
The Ancient Greeks were the ones to give it the name “asbestos” meaning inextinguishable. Many Grecian slaves used the material to weave into cloth and it was noted, even at this early time period, that some people who used the asbestos in their clothing suffered from damaged lungs and health issues.
Yet, asbestos was still a highly valued material in many cultures following these observations. In fact, the material was used to induce awe from observers in Persia for its ability to be cleaned by exposing it to fire. Its use diminished during the middle ages.
During the industrial revolution, asbestos re-entered the manufacturing industry with great flourish and previous health concerns were either forgotten or discarded. It was used to produce insulation for ovens, kilns, turbines and many other high temperature apparatuses. The first commercial asbestos mine was created in 1879 in Quebec.
It was around the turn of the twentieth century that researchers began to associate lung problems with asbestos mining. Britain began to regulate ventilation in the 1930s for asbestos miners after asbestosis was labeled as a lung-related disease. It took the United States an additional decade to follow these measures.
Also, in the 1930s medical journals began to make the link between cancer and asbestos; mesothelioma, as a term, came into use in 1931.
In 1970, it was proven in court that the asbestos industry knew of the risks associated with asbestos, but attempted to conceal them to maintain profits. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began regulating asbestos use, but it wasn’t until 1989 that they began an asbestos ban and phase out rule.
Unfortunately, a mere two years later, this ban was overturned in court. There are still many forces working against an outright ban of asbestos use.
It is important to be aware of the risks associated with asbestos and symptoms associated with illnesses related to it, especially if you are involved in an industry known to have used it. Symptoms of asbestosis include shortness of breath during exertion and possible respiratory failure.
Mesothelioma symptoms are much more extensive, and can include:
* Chest wall pain
* Shortness of breath
* Abdominal pain
* Wheezing or cough
* Weight loss
* Yellowing of the skin
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms and believe you may have been exposed to asbestos, you should consult with your physician as diagnosis of asbestos-related disease is an involved and difficult process.
About the Author
To learn more about asbestos, mesothelioma or other related illnesses, or to learn of your candidacy for an asbestos-related claim in Southern California, please visit the website of Jacoby & Meyers Law Offices.
New Drug Study for Abdominal Mesothelioma
* Response rate among patients was 15 percent.
* The control rate of the disease for patients while on the medication was 50 percent.
* The median time to disease progression was 10.4 months.
* The median survival time was 26.8 months.
* The mesothelioma study involved 20 patients suffering from the condition.
In addition to the two drugs, the patients received dexamethasone, folic acid and vitamin B12. The study was conducted by researchers involved in a multi-center U.S. trial. Researchers expect to continue studying the drugsí effects on abdominal mesothelioma patients to determine if the treatment can be improved.
What is Abdominal Mesothelioma?
Abdominal mesothelioma is an extremely rare form of mesothelioma cancer. Commonly described as peritoneal mesothelioma, the cancer affects the abdominal lining, which is also known as the peritoneum. The serous membrane contains the parietal peritoneum, which continues on to the visceral peritoneum, which lines the organs; all of this is located in the abdominal cavity. With abdominal mesothelioma, the visceral and parietal peritoneum linings are affected with the development of cancerous cells.
Most often, abdominal cancer occurs when an individual first develops pleural mesothelioma, which is when the lining of the lung develops cancerous cells after inhalation of asbestos. Pleural mesothelioma can then spread to the peritoneal cavity and cause peritoneal mesothelioma, which accounts for less than one-third of all mesothelioma diagnoses.
How Does Someone Develop Abdominal Mesothelioma?
Abdominal, or peritoneal, mesothelioma is caused through the inhalation of asbestos fibers or asbestos dust. Asbestos is a material that is derived from vermiculite, a mineral that was mined heavily in the United States and around the world in the 20th century. Asbestos was most commonly used as an insulation within the construction industry because it was flame resistant and was developed at inexpensive prices.
An array of mild to severe mesothelioma symptoms exist, including:
* shortness of breath.
* inability to breath.
* fatigue.
* wheezing or severe cough.
Although, these symptoms are considered generalized for mesothelioma and do not represent specific types of the cancer. Additionally, there are a specific set of symptoms associated with abdominal mesothelioma. These symptoms are as follows:
* weight loss.
* abdominal swelling, which can be caused by ascites or the buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
* bowel obstruction.
* fever.
* anemia.
* blood clotting.
* trouble swallowing.
* swelling of neck and face.
Abdominal Mesothelioma Treatment
Abdominal mesothelioma treatments commonly consist of surgical procedures to remove the infected cancerous areas. Often, the main surgery involved with peritoneal mesothelioma is known as cytoreductive surgery. While many individuals will receive specific treatments based on their case, the surgery usually is coupled with a chemotherapy treatment — this treatment is often called the perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and has been shown to slightly improve the median survival rate.
Obtaining Peritoneal Mesothelioma Legal Help
Individuals who have been diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma or any similar form of mesothelioma cancer are advised to locate an experienced mesothelioma attorney. Individuals who have been exposed to mesothelioma should contact a medical professional immediately because of the dangers that exist to even limited exposure to asbestos. These individuals may be able to receive monetary compensation for the extremely costly medical bills associated with abdominal mesothelioma.
It is especially important for an individual to seek legal counsel for their mesothelioma lawsuit if they were an employee within the metal, mining, maritime, construction and welding industries.
About the Author
Learn more about abdominal mesothelioma and treatments at http://mesothelioma.legalview.com or visit http://www.LegalView.com/ . Additionally, LegalView offers information on other various legal issues such as the Cipro risks or the latest on truck accident lawsuits.
New Drug Research for Abdominal Mesothelioma
Researchers recently published the results of a study in the Journal of Clinical Oncology detailing a potentially new treatment for patients of abdominal mesothelioma that will likely improve the condition for patients. The study found that when patients suffering from abdominal mesothelioma were given a combination of two drugs, Alimta (pemetrexed) and Gemzar (gemcitabine), their condition improved. The following are the results of the study:
* Response rate among patients was 15 percent
* The control rate of the disease for patients while on the medication was 50 percent
* The median time to disease progression was 10.4 months
* The median survival time was 26.8 months
The mesothelioma study involved 20 patients suffering from the condition. Each patient also received various vitamins including folic acid, vitamin B12 and dexamethasone. The study was conducted by researchers involved in a multi-center U.S. trial. Researchers expect to continue studying the drugs’ effects on abdominal mesothelioma patients to determine if the treatment can be improved. What is Abdominal Mesothelioma?
Abdominal mesothelioma is an extremely rare form of mesothelioma cancer. Commonly described as peritoneal mesothelioma, the cancer affects the abdominal lining, which is also known as the peritoneum.
Within the abdominal cavity is the serous membrane, which is also known as the parietal peritoneum, and this membrane continues on to the visceral peritoneum that lines the organs. With abdominal mesothelioma, the visceral and parietal peritoneum linings are affected with the development of cancerous cells.
Most often, abdominal cancer occurs when an individual first develops pleural mesothelioma, which is when the lining of the lung develops cancerous cells after inhalation of asbestos. Pleural mesothelioma can then spread to the peritoneal cavity and cause peritoneal mesothelioma, which accounts for less than one-third of all mesothelioma diagnoses. How is Peritoneal Mesothelioma Contracted?
Abdominal, or peritoneal, mesothelioma is caused through the inhalation of asbestos fibers or asbestos dust. Asbestos is a material that is derived from vermiculite, a mineral that was mined heavily in the United States and around the world in the 20th century. Asbestos was most commonly used as an insulation within the construction industry because it was flame resistant and was developed at inexpensive prices.
There are many common symptoms of mesothelioma, including:
* shortness of breath
* inability to breath
* fatigue
* wheezing or severe cough
However, many of these symptoms are generalized to overall cases of mesothelioma. Specific symptoms exist for those diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma. These symptoms are as follows: ?
* weight loss
* abdominal swelling, which can be caused by ascites or the buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity
* bowel obstruction
* fever
* anemia
* blood clotting
* trouble swallowing
* swelling of neck and face
Abdominal Mesothelioma Treatment
Abdominal mesothelioma treatments commonly consist of surgical procedures to remove the infected cancerous areas. Often, the main surgery involved with peritoneal mesothelioma is known as cytoreductive surgery. This surgery is usually accompanied with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and together the median survival rate for patients has been shown to increase slightly, although, treatment is dependent on a specific case-by-case basis.
Obtaining Peritoneal Mesothelioma Legal Help
Individuals who have been diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma or any similar form of mesothelioma cancer are advised to locate an experienced mesothelioma attorney. Because mesothelioma is considered a highly preventable disease, individual victims who contract the illness were likely exposed to asbestos fibers or asbestos dust without knowledge of the danger of exposure levels. These individuals may be able to receive monetary compensation for the extremely costly medical bills associated with abdominal mesothelioma.
It is especially important for an individual to seek legal counsel for their mesothelioma lawsuit if they were an employee within the metal, mining, maritime, construction and welding industries.
About the Author
Peter Kent is a best selling author of 50 books and hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles. He also manages the site http://www.legalview.com which hosts information on a variety of resources such as Mesothelioma.
Discover Your Status Can You Read the Mesothelioma Symptoms
These very same symptoms can go for other diseases such as pneumonia and lung cancer. It is very easy therefore to get the wrong diagnosis if the doctor knows nothing about your previous exposure to harmful substances.
Others like vomiting, nausea and bowel impediment also which appear in the case of peritoneal mesothelioma are also symptoms of other ailments and diseases. So what sets apart mesothelioma symptoms from the symptoms of other forms of disease?
Each symptom must be carefully be observed and weighed against the kind of family history and previous toxin exposure levels are analyzed. These symptoms should then easily give the doctor an early diagnosis, before the Doctor can do further fiber tests to confirm the level of infection. This way, the type of cancer will be known on time and the right treatment be initiated.
Mesothelioma is a unique cancer as it does not attack in a typical cancer fashion. For example, in the lungs, it will not envelope the whole lung, but will take just one side and grow there. It also does not attack the organs themselves, but creates a fluid mass that denies the cavity, or the organ an opportunity to function properly.
In extreme cases, it causes lung collapse and creates an abnormal fluid. Due to the nature of these attacks, this mesothelioma does not show itself until the very crucial stages of its development. This has made the cancer extremely difficult to manage and most often calls for intensive therapy and treatment.
Major indicators that you may be suffering from mesothelioma are,
Pain in the chest
Chest pains are as a result of the tumor spreading to the chest cavity. This is especially painful since the spread of the tumors strains the chest walls.
Difficulty in sleeping
This is as a result of the lung constriction. When fluids are in the lung cavity, it becomes difficult to breach especially when lying down. Thus the difficulty in breathing leads to a disturbed and eventful sleep.
Weight loss
This is caused by several factors which also double as symptoms. They include and are not limited to the swelling of the throat making it difficult to swallow food. Pain in the lower abdomen will mean that you will not have the chance to settle for a good meal. The intestines are also affected so that the normal food absorption will be interfered with.
About the Author
If you are looking for accurate and complete mesothelioma info like mesothelioma treatments, mesothelioma doctors and info on mesothelioma attorneys and lawyers, then feel free to visit http://www.health-niche.com/
Hurricanes Increase Risk of Asbestos Exposure
What is Asbestos Exposure?
Asbestos fibers become airborne and cause the development of cancerous cells among victims. For years an exposed individual can live and behave as normal while the cancer remains dormant. Unfortunately, a mesothelioma victim has a slim survival rate the longer they have waited to diagnose their condition.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) described the following symptoms of mesothelioma:
* shortness of breath
* pain in the chest because of an accumulation of fluid
* weight loss
* abdominal pain
* bowel obstruction
* blood clotting abnormalities
* anemia
* fever
Diagnosing Mesothelioma Cancer
Unfortunately, mesothelioma cancer is considered such a rare condition, that it is often misdiagnosed for other similar diseases. The best way to diagnose mesothelioma cancer is to immediately speak with a medical professional upon any indication that exposure to asbestos has occurred.
It is important to set up a mesothelioma cancer screening if you feel you have been exposed to absestos. According to the England center for cancer research, Cancer Research UK, a number or all of the following procedures will likely be administered to narrow down the likelihood of a mesothelioma diagnosis:
* general physician examination
* blood tests
* chest X-ray or abdominal X-ray
* CT scan of chest/abdomen to determine swelling in body organs/lymph nodes
* biopsy of the pleura is done, also known as a thoracoscopy, in which a small incision is made the chest wall in which a video camera is inserted
* fluid drainage, also known as the thoracocentesis or abdoparacentesis), will help to relieve fluid from around the lugs or abdominal cavity for those with peritoneal mesothelioma
Uses for Asbestos
Asbestos has been classified as a human carcinogen because of the scarring of tissue and inflammation it can cause among its victims. Asbestos is a prevalent threat in America because of its extensive use and availability during the 20th century.
Asbestos was mined from the late 1800s up through World War II and was used for commercial use, according to the NCI:
* building and construction
* strengthening cement and plastics
* insulation
* roofing
* fireproofing
* sound absorption
* shipbuilding
* insulate boilers
* steam pipes
* hot water pipes
* vehicle brakeshoes
* vehicle clutch pads
* ceiling
* flooring
* paints/coatings
* tile
* adhesives
* plastics
* gardening materials
* talc-containing crayons
By the end of the 1970s after millions, potentially billions, of tons of asbestos had been used in products as well as homes, apartments, hospitals and elementary schools throughout America, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) finally banned the use of new asbestos in products and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulation and cleanup of asbestos.
Professional Mesothelioma Assistance
As millions of individuals remain potentially at risk for asbestos exposure across America it becomes important to be self-educated on the condition, its symptoms as well as diagnosing steps. Individuals who feel they may be suffering from mesothelioma cancer should contact not only a medical professional but also a mesothelioma attorney. Most legal consultations are free, which allows an individual to better understand the development of a mesothelioma case.
About the Author
Learn more about asbestos fibers and how they can expose victims to developing mesothelioma cancer by visiting http://www.mesothelioma-law-now.com or http://www.LegalView.com/ . Additionally, individuals can learn about other legal topics such as how to obtain a truck accident attorney or overcoming Avandia risks.
Medical Expert Demands ‘Call For Action’ with Asbestos Industrial Manslaughter Cases
The President’s Cancer Panel is made up of individuals who with to “improve the investment in preventing cancers” that harm US citizens; the panel is an extension of the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
However, Dr. Stellman, who gave a deposition of industrial carcinogens claimed that the toxic effects felt by many workers had manifested through the years and eventually caused the development of cancer among thousands, and basically stated that the panel was not doing enough to protect workers from carcinogens such as asbestos in the workplace.
Where Is Asbestos Used?
Considered a carcinogen, asbestos has been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Deriving from vermiculite mines, asbestos was used in the construction of millions of homes and products until it was banned in the 1970s and 1980s. NCI reports that the wide-spread use of asbestos cannot be reveresed:
* cement
* hot water pipes
* plastics
* insulation
* roofing
* fireproofing
* sound absorption
* boilers
* steam pipes
* vehicle brake shoes and clutch pads
* ceiling and floor tiles
* paints
* coatings
* adhesives
Mesothelioma As ‘Industrial Manslaughter’
Dr. Stellman described to the panel that the carcinogens that industrial workers were exposed to was “ongoing industrial manslaughter” and that through research and records obtained from insulators belonging to a trade union there were and are extreme “cancer risks associated with asbestos and to the widespread control of asbestos that now exists.” safe
The EPA is currently responsible for the safe cleanup and disposal of asbestos in American homes, offices, apartment buildings, universities, schools, hospitals, est. However, according to a Seattle Post Intelligencer article from 2007, the EPA has had a “flawed system of examination and cleanup” of several hundred factories that had at one point processed asbestos or contained asbestos-contaminated vermiculite.
Developing Mesothelioma Cancer
According to the NCI, individuals who are at risk for developing asbestos-induced illnesses include those “exposed to asbestos in their workplace, their communities, or their homes.”
It is imperative that those feeling they were exposed to asbestos contact medical assistance as soon as possible. Additionally, the NCI explains that several signs and symptoms that indivduals can watch for to determine if they may be developing mesothelioma include:
* fatigue
* anemia
* weight loss, loss of appetite
* swelling of the neck or face
* difficulty swallowing
* pain or tightening in the chest
* coughing up blood
* persistent, worsening cough
* shortness of breath
* continued wheezing and hoarseness
Individuals who have been exposed to asbestos fibers or asbestos dust are advised to contact an experienced mesothelioma attorney who can provide a free legal consultation as to the development of a mesothelioma lawsuit. Litigation that is developed surrounding the exposure to asbestos may be able to provide a return on monetary compensation to assist in paying expensive medical bills commonly associated with mesothelioma treatments.
About the Author
To learn more about mesothelioma cancer and additional treatments, visit http://mesothelioma.legalview.com/ . Also, individuals can find other information about topics ranging from the Avandia risks to the latest on truck accident jury verdicts by visiting http://www.LegalView.com/ .
ASBESTOS Q & A ASBESTOS Faqs ASBESTOS Questions and Answers Asbestos Information Asbestosis Info Mesothelioma Texas Attorneys
- What is asbestos?
- Chrysotile, or white asbestos;
- Crocidolite, or blue asbestos;
- Amosite, which usually has brown fibers; and
- Anthophyllite, which usually has gray fibers.
- How is asbestos used?
Asbestos was mined and used commercially in North America beginning in the late 1800s. Its use increased greatly during World War II. Since then, it has been used in many industries. For example, the building and construction industry has used it for strengthening cement and plastics as well as for insulation, fireproofing, and sound absorption. The shipbuilding industry has used asbestos to insulate boilers, steampipes, and hot water pipes. The automotive industry uses asbestos in vehicle brakeshoes and clutch pads. More than 5,000 products contain or have contained asbestos. Some of them are listed below:
- Asbestos cement sheet and pipe products used for water supply and sewage piping, roofing and siding, casings for electrical wires, fire protection material, electrical switchboards and components, and residential and industrial building materials;
- Friction products, such as clutch facings, brake linings for automobiles, gaskets, and industrial friction materials;
- Products containing asbestos paper, such as table pads and heat-protective mats, heat and electrical wire insulation, industrial filters for beverages, and underlying material for sheet flooring;
- Asbestos textile products, such as packing components, roofing materials, and heat- and fire-resistant fabrics (including blankets and curtains); and
- Other products, including ceiling and floor tile; gaskets and packings; paints, coatings, and adhesives; caulking and patching tape; artificial ashes and embers for use in gas-fired fireplaces; plastics; vermiculite-containing consumer garden products; and some talc-containing crayons.
In the late 1970s, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the use of asbestos in wallboard patching compounds and gas fireplaces because the asbestos fibers in these products could be released into the environment during use. Additionally, asbestos was voluntarily withdrawn by manufacturers of electric hair dryers. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned all new uses of asbestos; uses established prior to 1989 are still allowed.
The EPA has established regulations that require school systems to inspect for damaged asbestos and to eliminate or reduce the exposure to occupants by removing the asbestos or encasing it. In June 2000, the CPSC concluded that the risk of children’s exposure to asbestos fibers in crayons was extremely low. However, the U.S. manufacturers of these crayons agreed to reformulate their products within a year. In August 2000, the EPA recommended that consumers reduce possible asbestos exposure from vermiculite-containing garden products by limiting the amount of dust produced during use. The EPA suggested that consumers use vermiculite outdoors or in a well-ventilated area; keep vermiculite damp while using it; avoid bringing dust from vermiculite use into the home on clothing; and use premixed potting soil, which is less likely to generate dust.
The regulations described above and other actions, coupled with widespread public concern about the hazards of asbestos, have resulted in a significant annual decline in U.S. use of asbestos: Domestic consumption of asbestos amounted to about 719,000 metric tons in 1973, but it had dropped to about 9,000 metric tons by 2002. Asbestos is currently used most frequently in gaskets and in roofing and friction products.
- What are the health hazards of exposure to asbestos?
Exposure to asbestos may increase the risk of several serious diseases:
- Asbestosis-a chronic lung ailment that can produce shortness of breath, coughing, and permanent lung damage;
- Lung cancer;
- Mesothelioma-a relatively rare cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen; and
- Other cancers, such as those of the larynx, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney.
- Who is at risk?
Nearly everyone is exposed to asbestos at some time during their life. However, most people do not become ill from their exposure. People who become ill from asbestos are usually those who are exposed to it on a regular basis, most often in a job where they work directly with the material or through substantial environmental contact.
Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos. Health hazards from asbestos fibers have been recognized in workers exposed in shipbuilding trades, asbestos mining and milling, manufacturing of asbestos textiles and other asbestos products, insulation work in the construction and building trades, brake repair, and a variety of other trades. Demolition workers, drywall removers, and firefighters also may be exposed to asbestos fibers. As a result of Government regulations and improved work practices, today’s workers (those without previous exposure) are likely to face smaller risks than did those exposed in the past.
Although it is known that the risk to workers increases with heavier exposure and longer exposure time, investigators have found asbestos-related diseases in individuals with only brief exposures. Generally, those who develop asbestos-related diseases show no signs of illness for a long time after their first exposure. It can take from 10 to 40 years for symptoms of an asbestos-related condition to appear.
There is some evidence that family members of workers heavily exposed to asbestos face an increased risk of developing mesothelioma. This risk is thought to result from exposure to asbestos fibers brought into the home on the shoes, clothing, skin, and hair of workers. This type of exposure is called paraoccupational exposure. To decrease these exposures, people exposed to asbestos at work are required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.
- How great is the risk?
Not all workers exposed to asbestos will develop diseases related to their exposure. The risk of developing asbestos-related diseases varies with the type of industry in which the exposure occurred and with the extent of the exposure. Asbestos that is bonded into finished products such as walls and tiles poses no risk to health as long as it is not damaged or disturbed (for example, by sawing or drilling) in such a way as to release fibers into the air. When asbestos fibers are set free and inhaled, however, exposed individuals are at risk of developing an asbestos-related disease.
- How does smoking affect risk?
Many studies have shown that the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure is particularly hazardous. Smokers who are also exposed to asbestos have a greatly increased risk of lung cancer. However, smoking combined with asbestos exposure does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma.
There is evidence that quitting smoking will reduce the risk of lung cancer among asbestos-exposed workers. People who were exposed to asbestos on the job at any time during their life or who suspect they may have been exposed should not smoke. If they smoke, they should stop.
- Who needs to be examined?
Individuals who have been exposed (or suspect they have been exposed) to asbestos fibers on the job or at home via a family contact should inform their physician of their exposure history and any symptoms. Asbestos fibers can be measured in urine, feces, mucus, or material rinsed out of the lungs. A thorough physical examination, including a chest x-ray and lung function tests, may be recommended. It is important to note that chest x-rays cannot detect asbestos fibers in the lungs, but they can help identify any lung changes resulting from asbestos exposure. Interpretation of the chest x-ray may require the help of a specialist who is experienced in reading x-rays for asbestos-related diseases. Other tests also may be necessary.
As noted earlier, the symptoms of asbestos-related diseases may not become apparent for many decades after exposure. If any of the following symptoms develop, a physical examination should be scheduled without delay:
- Shortness of breath;
- A cough or a change in cough pattern;
- Blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed up from the lungs;
- Pain in the chest or abdomen;
- Difficulty in swallowing or prolonged hoarseness; and/or
- Significant weight loss.
- How can workers protect themselves?
Employers are required to follow regulations dealing with asbestos exposure on the job that have been issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Federal agency responsible for health and safety regulations in maritime, construction, manufacturing, and service workplaces. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) enforces regulations related to mine safety. Workers should use all protective equipment provided by their employers and follow recommended work practices and safety procedures. For example, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved respirators that fit properly should be worn by workers when required.
Workers who are concerned about asbestos exposure in the workplace should discuss the situation with other employees, their employee health and safety representative, and their employers. If necessary, OSHA can provide more information or make an inspection. Regional offices of OSHA are listed in the “United States Government” section of telephone directories’ blue pages (under “Department of Labor”). Regional offices can also be located at http://www.osha-slc.gov/html/RAmap.html on the Internet, or by contacting OSHA’s national office at:
Organization: Office of Public Affairs
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
Address: Room N-3647
200 Constitution Avenue, NW.
Washington, DC 20210
Telephone: 202-693-1999
1-800-321-6742 (1-800-321-OSHA)
TTY (for deaf or hard of hearing callers): 1-877-889-5627
Internet Web site:
http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/index.html(Worker’s Page)Mine workers may contact:
Organization: Office of Information and Public Affairs Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)
U.S. Department of Labor
Address: 23rd Floor
1100 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209-3939
Telephone: 202-693-9400
Internet Web site:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is another Federal agency that is concerned with asbestos exposure in the workplace. The Institute conducts asbestos-related research, evaluates work sites for possible health hazards, and makes exposure control recommendations. In addition, NIOSH distributes publications on the health effects of asbestos exposure and can suggest additional sources of information. NIOSH can be contacted at:
Organization: Information Resources Branch
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Address: Robert A. Taft Laboratories
Mailstop C-18
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
Telephone: 1-800-356-4674 (1-800-35-NIOSH)
E-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov
Internet Web site:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh - Will the Government provide examinations and treatment for asbestos-related conditions? What about insurance coverage?
Medical services related to asbestos exposure are available through the Government for certain groups of eligible individuals. In general, individuals must pay for their own medical services unless they are covered by private or Government health insurance. Some people with symptoms of asbestos-related illness may be eligible for Medicare coverage. Information about benefits is available from the Medicare office serving each state. For the telephone number of the nearest office, call toll-free 1-800-633-4227 (1-800-MEDICARE) or visit http://www.medicare.gov on the Internet.
People with asbestos-related diseases also may qualify for financial help, including medical payments, under state workers’ compensation laws. Because eligibility requirements vary from state to state, workers should contact the workers’ compensation program in their state. Contact information for the workers’ compensation program in each state may be found in the blue pages of a local telephone directory or at http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/owcp/wc.htm on the Internet.
If exposure occurred during employment with a Federal agency (military or civilian), medical expenses and other compensation may be covered by the Federal Employees’ Compensation Program. Workers who are or were employed in a shipyard by a private employer may be covered under the Longshoremen and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act. Information about eligibility and how to file a claim is available from:
Organization: Office of Worker’s Compensation Programs
Employment Standards Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
Address: Room S-3229
200 Constitution Avenue, NW.
Washington, DC 20210
Telephone: 202-693-0040
E-mail: OWCP-Mail@dol-esa.gov
Internet Web site:
http://www.dol.gov/esa/owcp_org.htmWorkers also may wish to contact their international union for information on other sources of medical help and insurance matters.
Eligible veterans and their dependents may receive health care at a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Treatment for service-connected and nonservice-connected conditions is provided. If the VA cannot provide the necessary medical care, they will arrange for enrolled veterans to receive care in their community. Information about eligibility and benefits is available from the VA Health Benefits Service Center at 1-877-222-8387 (1-877-222-VETS) or on the VA Web site at http://www.va.gov/health_benefits on the Internet.
- Is there a danger of nonoccupational exposure from the environment and products contaminated with asbestos fibers?
Asbestos is so widely used that the entire population has been exposed to some degree. Air, drinking water, and a variety of consumer products all may contain small amounts of asbestos. In addition, asbestos fibers are released into the environment from natural deposits in the earth and as a result of wear and deterioration of asbestos products. Disease is unlikely to result from a single, high-level exposure, or from a short period of exposure to lower levels of asbestos.
- What other organizations offer information related to asbestos exposure?
The organizations listed below can provide more information about asbestos exposure.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is responsible for preventing exposure, adverse human health effects, and diminished quality of life associated with exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment. The ATSDR provides information about asbestos and where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. The ATSDR Information Center can be reached at:
Organization: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology
Address: Mailstop E-29
1600 Clifton Road, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone: 404-498-0160
1-888-422-8737 (1-888-42-ATSDR)
E-mail: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov
Internet Web site:
http://www.atsdr.cdc.govThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the general public’s exposure to asbestos in buildings, drinking water, and the environment. The EPA’s Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Assistance Information Service, or TSCA Hotline, can answer questions about toxic substances, including asbestos. Printed material is available on a number of topics, particularly on controlling asbestos exposure in schools and other buildings. The EPA’s Asbestos and Vermiculite Home Page has suggestions for homeowners who suspect asbestos in their homes, lists laws and regulations applicable to asbestos, and links to the Agency’s findings on asbestos exposure at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Questions may be directed to:
Organization: TSCA Assistance Information Service
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Address: Mailcode 74080
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
Telephone: 202-554-1404
TDD: 202-554-0551
E-mail: tsca-hotline@epa.gov
Internet Web site:
http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is responsible for the regulation of asbestos in consumer products. The CPSC maintains a toll-free information line on the potential hazards of commercial products; the telephone number is 1-800-638-2772. In addition, CPSC provides information about laboratories for asbestos testing, guidelines for repairing and removing asbestos, and general information about asbestos in the home. Publications are available from:
Organization: Office of Information and Public Affairs
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Address: 4330 East-West Highway
Bethesda, MD 20814-4408
Telephone: 1-800-638-2772
TTY (for deaf or hard of hearing callers): 1-800-638-8270
E-mail: info@cpsc.gov
Internet Web site:
http://www.cpsc.govInformation about asbestos is also available from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Web site at http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2001pres/20010916a.html on the Internet. In addition, people can contact their local community or state health or environmental quality department with questions or concerns about asbestos.
Materials about cancer and how to quit smoking are available by calling the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below).
“Asbestos” is the name given to a group of minerals that occur naturally as bundles of fibers which can be separated into thin threads. These fibers are not affected by heat or chemicals and do not conduct electricity. For these reasons, asbestos has been widely used in many industries. Four types of asbestos have been used commercially:
Chrysotile asbestos, with its curly fibers, is in the serpentine family of minerals. The other types of asbestos, which all have rod-like fibers, are known as amphiboles.
Asbestos fiber masses tend to break easily into a dust composed of tiny particles that can float in the air and stick to clothes. The fibers may be easily inhaled or swallowed and can cause serious health problems.
Comment: Mesothelioma can be caused by exposure to all types of asbestos.
References:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (September 2001). Asbestos. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/phs9004.html”.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (November 25, 2002). Asbestos: Health Effects of Exposure to Asbestos. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/asbestos/asbestos_effects.html.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (November 2000). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Asbestos Toxicity. Retrieved August 21, 2003, from: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HEC/CSEM/asbestos/index.html.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (September 11, 2001). ToxFAQ’s for Asbestos. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts61.html.
DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Etiology of Cancer: Physical Factors. In: Ullrich, R. Cancer principles & practice of oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
Dollinger M, Jahan T, Rosenbaum EH, Jablons D. Mesothelioma. In: Dollinger M, Rosenbaum EH, Tempero M, Mulvilhill SJ. Everyone’s guide to cancer therapy: how cancer is diagnosed, treated, and managed day to day. 4th ed. Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2002.
Hillerdal G. Mesothelioma: cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1999;56(8):505-13.
National Cancer Institute. Cancer Rates and Risks, 4th ed. NIH Publication No. 96-691, 1996.
National Cancer Institute. What You Need To Know About™ Cancer of the Larynx. NIH Publication No. 95-1568, 1995.
National Cancer Institute. What You Need To Know About™ Kidney Cancer. NIH Publication No. 96-1569, 1996.
National Cancer Institute. What You Need To Know About™ Lung Cancer. Publication No. 99-1553, 1999.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (August 14, 2000). Asbestos. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.niehs.nih.gov/external/faq/asbestos.htm.
National Toxicology Program. 10th Report on Carcinogens. Research Triangle Park (NC): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002. Available online at http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.html.
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (June 13, 2000). CPSC Releases Test Results on Crayons. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.cpsc.gov/CPSCPUB/PREREL/prhtml00/00123.html.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (January 6, 2000). Asbestos Containing Materials. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6pd/asbestos/asbmatl.htm.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (November 8, 2000). Asbestos in Your Home. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/asbestos.html.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (June 14, 2001). The Asbestos Informer. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.epa.gov/region04/air/asbestos/inform.htm.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (August 2000). Sampling and Analysis of Consumer Garden Products That Contain Vermiculite. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: www.epa.gov/asbestos/vermiculite.pdf.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (August 2000). Fact Sheet: Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite. Retrieved June 25, 2003, from www.epa.gov/asbestos/vermfacts.pdf.
U.S. Geological Survey (March 2001). Some Facts About Asbestos. Retrieved March 5, 2003 from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs012-01/.
Virta, RL. Asbestos. Mineral Commodity Summaries. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Information. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/070303.pdf.
Sources of National Cancer Institute Information:
- Cancer Information Service
Toll-free: 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)
TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 1-800-332-8615 - NCI Online
Internet
Use http://cancer.gov to reach NCI’s Web site.LiveHelp
Cancer Information Specialists offer online assistance through the
LiveHelp link on the NCI’s Web site.
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